Basics

• A sore throat is discomfort, pain, or scratchiness in the throat, often worsened by swallowing.

Common causes

• Viral infections, such as the common cold or flu.

• Bacterial infections, including strep throat.

• Irritants like smoke or pollution.

• Allergies to pollen, mold, or pet dander.

• Dry air or changes in temperature.

When it's okay to monitor symptoms

• If a sore throat is mild and related to a recent cold or allergy.

• When it improves with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter remedies.

When to talk to a doctor

• Sore throat lasting more than a few days or getting worse.

• Sore throat accompanied by fever or swollen glands.

• Sore throat with change in voice

When to seek emergency care

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

• Inability to drink fluids.

Home remedies and over-the-counter medications

• Gargle with warm saltwater.

• Stay hydrated with soothing liquids like tea or broth.

• Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen/acetaminophen or throat lozenges.