Basics

• Shortness of breath, or breathlessness, is a feeling of difficulty in breathing or not getting enough air.

Common causes

• Physical exertion

• Anxiety or stress

• Respiratory infections like flu, covid, bronchitis or pneumonia.

• Environmental favors like high altitude

When it's okay to monitor symptoms

• Shortness of breath is mild or brief.

When to talk to a doctor

• Shortness of breath without an obvious cause.

• Shortness of breath with difficulty doing activities of daily living.

• Persistent or worsening breathlessness.

When to seek emergency care

• Difficulty breathing accompanied by chest pain or tightness.

• Bluish coloration of lips or face or oxygen level <92% (on a pulse oximeter).

• Shortness of breath after a known allergen exposure (e.g., bee sting, peanuts).

Home remedies and over-the-counter medications

• Use a fan or open windows for fresh air.

• Practice deep breathing exercises.

• Over-the-counter antihistamines may help if shortness of breath is due to allergies or cold medicines if associated with a cold.