Cough

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Basics

  • A cough is a reflex action that helps clear the airways of mucus, irritants, or foreign particles.

Common causes

  • Viral infections, like the common cold or flu.

  • Respiratory infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

  • Allergies to dust, pollen, or pet dander.

  • Irritants like smoke or pollutants.

  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

When it's okay to monitor symptoms

  • If the cough is associated with a common cold or respiratory infection.

  • When it improves with rest and home remedies.

When to talk to a doctor

  • Persistent cough lasting more than three weeks.

  • Cough accompanied by mild shortness of breath or chest pain.

  • Coughing up blood streaks.

When to seek emergency care

  • Severe difficulty breathing.

  • Bluish lips or face during coughing.

  • Oxygen level (using pulse oximeter) <92%

  • Significant blood (more than a few tablespoons) in the cough

Home remedies and over-the-counter medications

  • Stay hydrated with warm fluids like tea or broth.

  • Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air.

  • Over-the-counter cough medications (with a doctor's approval) or throat lozenges may provide relief. Honey in kids >1 year old may also help.