Basics

• A cough is a reflex action that helps clear the airways of mucus, irritants, or foreign particles.

Common causes

• Viral infections, like the common cold or flu.

• Respiratory infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

• Allergies to dust, pollen, or pet dander.

• Irritants like smoke or pollutants.

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

When it's okay to monitor symptoms

• If the cough is associated with a common cold or respiratory infection.

• When it improves with rest and home remedies.

When to talk to a doctor

• Persistent cough lasting more than three weeks.

• Cough accompanied by mild shortness of breath or chest pain.

• Coughing up blood streaks.

When to seek emergency care

• Severe difficulty breathing.

• Bluish lips or face during coughing.

• Oxygen level (using pulse oximeter) <92%

• Significant blood (more than a few tablespoons) in the cough

Home remedies and over-the-counter medications

• Stay hydrated with warm fluids like tea or broth.

• Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air.

• Over-the-counter cough medications (with a doctor's approval) or throat lozenges may provide relief. Honey in kids >1 year old may also help.