Basics

• Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is an unpleasant odor coming from the mouth.

Common causes

• Poor oral hygiene, leading to the buildup of bacteria on the teeth and gums.

• Dry mouth, which reduces saliva flow and allows bacteria to thrive.

• Certain foods like garlic and onions.

• Smoking or tobacco use.

• Underlying dental issues like cavities or gum disease.

When it's okay to monitor symptoms

• If occasional bad breath is linked to specific foods or habits.

• When practicing good oral hygiene improves the situation.

When to talk to a doctor

• Persistent bad breath despite maintaining oral hygiene.

• Bad breath accompanied by other oral health issues.

• If there's a sudden, unexplained change in breath odor.

When to seek emergency care

• Bad breath accompanied by severe pain or significant swelling in the mouth or throat.

Home remedies and over-the-counter medications

• Brush teeth and tongue regularly.

• Use dental floss to clean between teeth.

• Stay hydrated to promote saliva production.

• Chew sugar-free gum or use breath mints.

• Mouthwashes or rinses designed to combat bad breath.